Americas Abortion Debate Essay -- Abortion

Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the United States today. According to oxford dictionary, abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks. The two factions involved in this controversy are poles apart in their views on abortion: where as the pro-choice movement contends that a woman’s right to abortion is absolute, the pro-life movement asserts that a fetus’s right to life is indisputable. The argument has become very pronounced since the U.S Supreme Court ruling in the year 1973 in Roe V. Wade, which legalized abortion. According to the ruling, a woman’s right to abortion outweighed the rights of a nonviable fetus and prohibited the State interference. In addition to the fact that pro-choicers have always praised Roe for recognizing that a woman’s right to control her body is more important than a fetus’s right to life, this idea is also supported by different organizat ions such as Alan Guttmatcher Institute (AGI) whose mission is â€Å"to protect the reproductive choices of all women and men in the United States and throughout the world.† (Par 1) While some people believe that abortion is immoral others argue that it is a woman’s right to have full control of her body. A typical pro-life believer argues that fetuses posses a characteristic such as a genetic code that is both necessary and sufficient for being human. This idea is mostly propagated by the principle of the Roman Catholic Church â€Å"In 1995 Pope John Paul II officially condemned abortion in his â€Å"Evangelium Vitae,† calling it a villainous crime that kills an innocent human being† (Knapp Pg 16) and supported by many fundamentalist protestants groups, though not by majority of Catholics an... ...ciples, the pro-choice position is certainly not obviously wrong. Consequently, when abortion advocates try to make the argument more or less probable, they call for pro-life citizens to completely cease from bringing the legitimate idea of freedom to life for the purpose of protecting the unborn from harm, these abortion-choice supporters are by so doing encouraging their fellow pro-choice citizens to silently and politely remain firm that the unborn are not fully fledged members of the human community therefore are not entitled to protection by the state. To the opponent of abortion, this request hardly seems tolerant or liberating. Works Cited Francis J. Beckwith Defending Life: A Moral and Legal Case Against Abortion Choice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Lynette Knapp: The Abortion Controversy San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay

The Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership (Also known as LMX, LMET or Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory) is a type of leadership theory that focuses on the dyadic relationship between leader and follower where the leader treats individual followers differently, resulting in two groups of followers—an in-group and an out-group. The in-group consists of a small number of trusted followers with whom the leader usually establishes a special higher quality exchange relationship. The out-group includes the followers with whom the relationship of the leader remains more formal. It focuses on increasing organizational success by creating positive relations between the leader and subordinate (follower). The theory asserts that leaders do not interact with subordinates uniformly. ‘In-group’ followers perform their jobs in accordance with the employment contracts and can be counted on by the supervisor to perform unstructured tasks, to volunteer for extra work, and to take on additional responsibilities. Supervisors exchange personal and positional resources (inside information, influence in decision making, task assignment, job latitude, support, and attention) in return for subordinates’ performance on unstructured tasks. High LMX relationship achieves increased mutual trust, confidence, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, common bonds, open communication, independence respect, rewards & recognition and hence benefits both the organisation and the employee. Recognizing the existence of the in-group and out-group, could be discriminating against the out-group thus affecting employee turnover based on bad-quality LMX and job dissatisfaction. This is because members of ‘out-group’ Example of an organization that has successfully used this theory is ‘E-Myth Worldwide’

Importance of Minor Characters in Shakespear Essay

In the main plot of Shakespeare’s famous play Hamlet, Hamlet’s father, the king, is murdered, and as a result, Hamlet swears revenge and ultimately succumbs to madness. Hamlet plays the role of the protagonist, while his uncle, Claudius, serves as the antagonist of the story. Besides the two main characters, there are a number of secondary characters, of unusual importance both to the action and to the themes of the play. Many of the themes of the play, including decay and corruption, revenge, and appearance vs. eality, are outlined through the description and progression of the secondary characters. Shakespeare creates minor characters Ophelia, the ghost and Polonius to play a very crucial role in Hamlet as they shape the thematic elements of the play. The character of Ophelia plays the role of Hamlet’s love interest and is easily manipulated by her family; portraying various themes of the play through her actions and behaviour. At the onset of the play Ophelia appears to have her wits about her, with the ability to be objective and coherent when she recognizes the mad behaviour of Hamlet. In act 3 scene 1 during a contentious conversation between Ophelia and Hamlet, he expresses his disgust with Ophelia and women in general, insisting that â€Å"it hath made me mad†. Ophelia is able to identify the frantic behaviour of Hamlet proclaiming â€Å"oh what a noble mind is here o’erthrown! † Although Ophelia is of sound mind during this portion of the play, she quickly spirals out of control, losing her mind as a result of the murder of her father. Ophelia’s insanity is witnessed during act 4 scene 5 when she proceeds to sing everything she says â€Å"How can you tell the difference between you true lover and some other? Ophelia’s madness is also described by Horatio when he tells the queen â€Å"she is importunate, indeed distract†¦ says she hears there’s tricks I’ th’ world, and hems, and beats her heart, spurns enviously at straws, speaks things in doubt that carry but hald sense†. The tragic downfall of Ophelia depicted in the play illustrates the theme of decay and corruption. The ghost of Hamlets dead father, King Hamlet, drives Hamlets determination to avenge his father, setting the revenge plot into motion, a major theme in the play. Upon Hamlet and the ghost’s first meeting, he informs Hamlet of his father’s horrible murder by Claudius, encouraging him to avenge the king â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder†. Before even explaining to Hamlet the details of the murder Hamlet insists â€Å"haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love, may sweep my revenge†, driving the action of the play forward and initiating the theme. Although Hamlet swears to get revenge quickly his procrastination and uncertainty prevents him from achieving his goal. When Hamlet begins to veer away from his attempt to kill Claudius, obsessing over his mother’s behaviour, the ghost returns to remind him of his true purpose â€Å"do not forget. This visitation is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose†. The ghost is a constant reminder throughout the play of the theme of revenge, encouraging Hamlet to avenge his father. At the beginning of Hamlet, Polonius is introduced as the father of Laertes and Ophelia and is later revealed to illustrate the theme of appearance vs. reality. Polonius’ has the appearance of a well natured wise old man yet in reality he is a poor excuse for a man who’s obsessed with self gain. Polonius enjoys giving advice, including â€Å"this above all: to thine ownself be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man†, insisting that if you are true to yourself, you cannot deceive anyone else. In reality, Polonius is in no position to be preaching about honesty and truthfulness, due to his shady behaviour spying on his children and Hamlet. Polonius presents himself as a very caring father, concerned about his children; however, in an attempt to keep an eye on his son, Laertes, he does not consider the possible repercussions of his plan. Polonius instructs his servant to spread rumors about his son, in the hopes of possibly discovering Laertes’s true behavior, disregarding Reynaldo’s protest that â€Å"that would dishonour him! † Due to his constant use of subterfuge, the character Polonius is one of the play’s best examples of the major theme of appearance vs. reality. It is uncommon in pieces of literature for secondary characters to be of such importance, both to the action and to the themes, as they are in Hamlet. The themes of the play, including decay and corruption, revenge, and appearance vs. reality, are highlighted through the description and progression of the secondary characters. Shakespeare creates minor characters Ophelia, the ghost and Polonius with the intention for them to play a very crucial role in Hamlet; shaping the thematic elements of the play. Secondary characters are often used in a play to supplement the main characters and the story line; however Shakespeare creates them with a much greater importance to reveal the themes of the play.

Georgia State Troopers

The Georgia State Patrol Trooper is considered to be the premier uniformed law enforcement job in the State of Georgia. It should be noted that although the Georgia State Patrol is small, this state law enforcement organization is considered to be highly professional. Compared to most other states nationally the State Troopers are the lowest paid? Unfortunately this impacts retention, but moreover morale. Most Trooper Cadets are more status conscious than money conscious. The State of Georgia is experiencing one the nation’s highest unemployment rates.The State is virtually in a hiring freeze. Although the Department of Public Safety has made numerous request for additional State Troopers the state legislature has delayed the passage of a two percent pay increase for all state employees, including the Department of Public Safety. The state legislature has further denied the Department of Public Safety’s requests for two hundred additional Trooper Cadets; the State of Ge orgia is strapped for cash as tax revenues have decreased significantly in recent years.Even Colleges and Universities have consolidated their administrative functions. Two or three Universities within a hundred miles of one another will share admissions, registrar and finance operations. Perhaps on a cursory examination by either a trained professional or a serious criminal justice student, the Georgia Department of Public Safety organization hierarchy can provide a pedantic explanation about the significant recruiting and retention problem areas.The State of Georgia comingles resources and over relies on the Merit System for recruiting and hiring state employees. Every State Department has a Commissioner. For example the Department of Public Safety in the State of Georgia Commissioner is Colonel MarkW. McDonough. Commissoner Col. Mark W. McDonough is a political appointment as is Georgia State Patrol’s Division Head’s and Deputy Division Commissioner. Other examples include Departments of Juvenile Justice and Department of Corrections that have the same organizational profiles.Department and or Divisions have Deputy Commissioners. These higher levels of administrative personnel positions secured through appointments, not elected or necessarily merit based The most interesting employment capacity is Captain Ronnie Rhodes, the head of the Capitol Police. Within the Department of Public Safety the organizational flow chart on page four suggests Captain Rhodes is in field operations and serves and protects the legislature and Governor, the Lt. Governor, and visiting dignitaries.They also direct traffic near and around government buildings. Regardless, many of these State Troopers are assigned in the capitol area, and only in Atlanta, Georgia. Navigating the Department’s Web Site and examining outdated textbooks suggested an organizational structure woefully lacking in critical understanding for the casual observer. Further investigation into the organization hierarchy revealed that Field Operations, Major Ed Grier possesses the supervisory responsibility.Within his purview and field of operations are the State Troopers and Trooper Cadets, they number approximately eleven hundred men and women law enforcement officials. A majority, of eight hundred, and fifty officers patrol the counties, State, and federal roadways. Most female troopers reside and work in municipalities that have a Motor Vehicle Division. Clerical and administrative tasks include license issuance, renewals, and Administrative license renewal hearings for driving under the influence suspects.State of Georgia State of Georgia Department of Public Safety Department of Public Safety Organizational Chart Organizational Chart ( Georgia State Patrol ) ( Georgia State Patrol )Commissioner Col. Mark McDonnough Special Investigations Angie Holt Legal Services Melissa Rogers Deputy Commissioner Lt. Col. Russell Powell Aviation Billy Smith Comptroller Peter Ad ams Field Ops Maj Ed Grier Motor Ops Lt Gene DavisCapitol Police Lt Ron RhodesHeadquarters Maj Hank FieldHuman Resource Lisa Maier A crucial section of the Department of Public Safety is Human Resources. Lisa Maier is the Supervising individual that reviews applicants who apply via State of Georgia Merit Systems.The State of Georgia funnels from the pool of applicants specifying in their respective generic State form the State Trooper or Trooper Cadet Job position. The Trooper candidate must pass a Georgia Merit System written examination before Lisa Maier reviews the application. The State of Georgia does not have an Assessment/Training Center, consequently other than thorough background and credit history, polygraph examinations, and psychological examinations may be contracted to an outside agency. These assessments are not required.

The Role of Strategic Communication in Relation to Professionalism Essay

The Role of Strategic Communication in Relation to Professionalism - Essay Example The number of professional public relations officers has been on the rise over the last years. Moreover, the number of women in the profession surpassed that of men in the US in the 1980s. This can be attributed to the fact that the number of women entering the workforce has been on the rise as compared to the past decade in which many women were housewives. The status of the job was lowered when women became the majority of workers, which resulted in low salaries, and the exclusion of the professionals from important decision-making organs of an organization. This resulted in many scholars referring to the job as a women’s work. The number of women in the workforce started to increase during the Second World War because most of men in the society were engaged in war. When the men started to trickle back in the communities, women had no choice but to go back to their more feminine jobs of motherhood and housekeeping . Â  The role that social media is playing in terms of adver tisements of an organization’s products is immense. This implies that all organizations aspiring to remain in the ever-increasing competitive world of business has to have people with abilities to tap the social media’s potential. This cannot be achieved if organization does not hire the right people and define their roles clearly. Definition of duties means that the public relations professionals understand exactly what to do and when. Studies have established that the functions of the public relations.... This means that the time taken to send information from the source to the recipient is minimal and as a result, the right people receive the intended message through the best means. The number of professional public relations officers has been on the rise over the last years. Moreover, the number of women in the profession surpassed that of men in the US in the 1980s. This can be attributed to the fact that the number of women entering the workforce has been on the rise as compared to the past decade in which many women were housewives. The status of the job was lowered when women became the majority of workers, which resulted in low salaries, and the exclusion of the professionals from important decision-making organs of an organization. This resulted in many scholars referring to the job as a women’s work. The number of women in the workforce started to increase during the Second World War because most of men in the society were engaged in war. When the men started to trickl e back in the communities, women had no choice but to go back to their more feminine jobs of motherhood and housekeeping3. The role that social media is playing in terms of advertisements of an organization’s products is immense. This implies that all organizations aspiring to remain in the ever-increasing competitive world of business has to have people with abilities to tap the social media’s potential. This cannot be achieved if organization does not hire the right people and define their roles clearly. Definition of duties means that the public relations professionals understand exactly what to do and when. The main role of public relations is enhancing the image of an organization. The media portrays the public relations department

Against Abortion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Against Abortion - Research Paper Example Whether the fetus has life or not, pregnancy shows the woman had some level of maturity. The woman has ethical obligations towards the fetus as pregnancy occured knowingly (Cline, 2010). The second reason is the religious values. Christianity and Hinduism believe that all human beings come to earth with a definite purpose. Almost all religions are against abortion except special circumstances. Women want abortion because of social stigma or financial reasons. Each one’s destiny is clearly defined and killing would amount to the process of evolution of that soul (Christianet, 2008). Abortion can be traumatic for a woman which could impact her life at a later stage. Her own conscious would nag her and living with the aftermath of aborting can be devastating for a woman (Christianet, 2008). Abortion is immoral, abortion is unethical, abortion can impact the woman physically, mentally and emotionally and hence under no circumstances should abortion be

Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law - Case Study Example Had that been the case, the local animal charity should have either received the funds, or there should have been an agreement drawn up with that charity as to how the funds in the Fido Trust would be administered for their benefit. Instead, it appears clear that John and Sue intended to secure personal gain from their investment in the stock market. This was a clear conflict of interest, not only on Sue’s part because a relative was involved, but also on the part of John, who consented to such an unprofitable loan. The weight of the evidence is that placing the other half of the Fido Trust into the stock market was also intended to benefit John and Sue, rather than to benefit Mike’s dog and cat, as otherwise some arrangement would have been made with either the local animal charity or some other animal care service via using the interest earned on the Fido Trust solely for the proper care of the animals, as Mike intended. Using the funds otherwise would be a serious fr aud, perhaps more serious for John as a solicitor who would know the requirements of serving as a Trustee more than for Sue, a policewoman; but it still appears that Sue should have known that the purpose of the Fido Trust was violated. Compounding John’s abuse of the trust placed in him by Mike, we are told that John exercised his power of appointment over the residue of Mike’s estate in favor of himself, and then persuaded Mike’s son Ron, at 18 years of age, to surrender his life interest in the residual estate to John, a proposal which Ron should have strongly rejected. 3 Now, as to advising Ron, I would tell him the following: Ron, your interests have been grossly violated by John's handling of your father's estate